浸润可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 疣尿管息肉A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )疣尿管息肉载于疣和膀胱彼此间，一般来说坐落疣尿管的下1/3 ，但也可载于仅坐落疣下。这些息肉可发挥为完全无回波或低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 左图11A，疣尿管息肉，此息肉已受感染，内部成分微弱回波的液体。B，疣尿管息肉，紧张的息肉前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis睾丸增生甲状腺Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).颈壁睾丸增生甲状腺是睾丸移植之中风的近十年合并症，无特殊发挥，但可于以前移植手术的瘢痕三处见一局部肿物，并有周期持续性的眼部和溃疡。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 左图12 ，剖宫产伤疤三处睾丸增生甲状腺

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 颈壁血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).颈直肌鞘血肿可起因于发烧持续性气喘后、打喷嚏或之中风发烧后，其不可避免一般来说是抗凝治疗或出血持续性疾病。由于血肿限制于颈直肌鞘内，一般来说不极大，其形状根据所三处后方而定，在弓形终点站以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下方向，可于边上认出（左图13A）；在弓形终点站以下，由于颈白点缺如，可扩张横过之中终点站，因此血肿发挥为分叶状，其最大间隔坐落双曲线上。在新生儿颈壁血肿可载于疣上交叉扩张（左图13B、C）。术后不规则持续性肺部内凝血的患者可于颈壁移植手术瘢痕不远处认出大的血肿（左图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 左图13A，一之中年妇女剧烈气喘后颈直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示颈横皮下。B，新生儿颈壁血肿。C，一新生儿疣静脉连在一起三处侧面的颈壁血肿。UV，疣静脉。D，一不规则持续性肺部内凝血的剖宫产术后患者皱纹三处颈壁血肿。

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